what is Priority Queue, its types, operations, Algorithms, applications and implementation in Java.

Priority Queue 

Priority Queue:

The Priority Queue class is part of the java.util package and provides an efficient way to manage a collection of elements where each element has a priority.

·       Each element is inserted or deleted on the basis priority.

·       Higher priority >Lower priority

·       Same priority for [FCFS basis]

(FCFS stands for .... First come First Serve )

 

Types of Priority Queue:

Here’s some types of priority queue:

1.      Ascending order Priority Queue

2.      Descending order Priority Queue

 

 Here are some details of the Priority Queue.

Characteristics:

Ø  Ordering: Elements are ordered based on their natural ordering (if they implement Comparable) or by a Comparator provided at queue construction time.

 

Ø  Heap Implementation: Internally, Priority Queue is implemented as a binary heap, which ensures that the element with the highest priority is always at the head of the queue.

Key Operations:

o   Insertion: Adding an element to the queue.

o   Deletion: Removing the element with the highest priority.

o   Peek: Viewing the highest priority element without removing it.

o   Is Empty:  Check if the queue has no elements.

 

 

 

Computer Science Applications of Priority Queue:Top of Form

 

 

1. Graph Algorithms

Priority Queue Data Structure 

• Dijkstra’s Algorithm:

Used for finding the shortest path between nodes in a graph. The priority queue helps efficiently select the next node with the smallest tentative distance.

• Prim’s Algorithm:

Used for finding the minimum spanning tree of a graph. The priority queue helps in selecting the edge with the smallest weight.

2. Operating Systems

• Process Scheduling:

 Priority queues are used to manage processes based on their priority. Higher priority processes are executed before lower priority ones.

• Load Balancing:

Helps in distributing tasks across multiple processors by prioritizing tasks based on their urgency or importance.

3. Networking

·       Packet Scheduling:

In network routers, priority queues manage data packets to ensure that high-priority packets are transmitted first, improving the quality of service.

 

4. Event-Driven Simulation

• Event Management:

 In simulations, events are scheduled to occur at specific times. A priority queue helps manage these events efficiently by processing the earliest event first.

5. Data Compression

·       Huffman Coding:

Priority queues are used to build the Huffman tree, which is essential for efficient data compression.

6. Artificial Intelligence

 Algorithm:

Used in pathfinding and graph traversal, the priority queue helps in selecting the most promising node to explore next based on a heuristic

 

Real life application of priority queue:

1. Healthcare

• Emergency Rooms:

 Patients are treated based on the severity of their conditions rather than their arrival time. Critical patients receive immediate attention, while less severe cases wait longer.

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2. Operating Systems

• Process Scheduling:

 Operating systems use priority queues to manage processes. High-priority tasks (like system processes) are executed before lower-priority tasks (like user applications).

3. Networking

•            Packet Scheduling:

Routers use priority queues to manage data packets, ensuring that high-priority packets (like voice or video calls) are transmitted before lower-priority packets (like emails).

 

4. Event Management

• Event-Driven Simulations:

 In simulations, events are scheduled to occur at specific times. Priority queues help manage these events efficiently by processing the most imminent event first.

5. Customer Service

·       Call Centers: 

Calls are prioritized based on the urgency of the issue or the status of the customer (e.g., VIP customers might receive faster service).

6. Logistics and Transportation

·       Air Traffic Control:

 Flights are prioritized based on factors like fuel levels, emergency situations, and scheduled landing times to ensure safety and efficiency

7. Finance

·       Stock Trading:

 Orders are processed based on their priority, with high-value or time-sensitive trades being executed before others.

8. Multimedia Systems

·       Streaming Services:

Data packets for streaming services are prioritized to ensure smooth playback without buffering.

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